President-elect Donald Trump is expected to launch a series of immigration-related executive actions as early as Monday after the inauguration.

Since the early days of his 2024 presidential campaign, Trump has vowed to begin his second term with both old and new measures to curb legal immigration and deport those without legal status in the United States.

At a rally in Washington, D.C., last night, Trump said he planned to quickly sign an executive order and launch "the most aggressive and sweeping effort to restore the border the world has ever seen."

"Soon, we will begin the largest deportations in American history," he added.

Incoming Trump border czar Tom Homan also said large-scale raids would begin on Tuesday to deport and detain people without legal status, focusing on those deemed safe or security threats.

"While we hope for the best, we take Trump at his word. We are prepared to counter any brutal or violent attack on America's immigrant communities or those who flee to this country seeking safety and refuge," Carey Talber said Te, co-executive director of the advocacy group Immigration Center.

Under the Biden administration, the number of U.S. border crossings has increased, sometimes reaching record highs. But the latest figures from Customs and Border Protection show a sharp decline in warrantless arrests over the past six months.

Trump campaigned on border security promises, and he and his allies viewed his election victory as an endorsement of his upcoming efforts on the issue. Republicans criticized Biden's immigration policies, and lawmakers voted to impeach Biden's homeland security secretary, Alejandro Mayorkas.

Still, the latest NPR/PBS News/Marist poll finds Americans are divided on whether to mass deport those without legal status in the United States, though the divide is along party lines.

Trump's immigration policies are also a key priority pushing through Congress as Republicans control the White House, Senate and House of Representatives.

Here are some of his promises:

Declaring a national emergency, which would free up federal funds and other authorities to help him implement plans to secure the border

Restart construction of US-Mexico border wall

Begins work to end birthright citizenship, though Trump also acknowledges such change would require a constitutional amendment

Reinstate the “Remain in Mexico” policy, also known as the Migrant Protection Protocols, which would require certain asylum seekers to wait in Mexico until a U.S. court hearing date before entering

Carrying out mass evictions

Reinstate travel ban and restrict refugee entry and resettlement

Restore Title 42, a public health order from Trump's first term that allowed immigration authorities to deport and prevent asylum seekers from entering the United States

These efforts may take time

Although Trump has been reiterating these promises for more than a year, they may take weeks or months to implement. Several actions could be subject to legal challenges or require Congress to mobilize new funds that Trump does not currently have.

"We're left with a big question mark," Andrew Selee, president of the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute, told NPR. "He talked about using, expanding detention facilities. It's almost It will definitely happen." morning edition.

"But whether he would be able to use military bases or other federal facilities, and whether he would try to use the military itself, that would need to go back to the Alien and Sedition Act of 1798, which would almost certainly be litigated in court."

Indeed, even scaling up operations quickly may be difficult for the new administration. An NPR investigation last year found that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the agency responsible for deportations, struggled to meet Trump's direct requests during his first term, which included attempts to increase deportations.

Congress must also provide funding to the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies to implement these policies.

In its final budget request, the Biden administration requested $19 billion to fund additional personnel, facilities, deportation capabilities and other law enforcement resources along the southwest border.

Lawmakers are expected to include border security funding as part of a larger budget-related measure later this year.