With the devastating Israeli war on Gaza, the Prime Minister insisted that the goal of all military victory was achieved, and the division within Israeli society grew deeper and deeper.
Over the past few weeks, as Israeli peace activists and anti-war groups campaigned against conflict, supporters of the war also increased their continued pressure, regardless of their humanitarian, political or diplomatic costs.
Military members published open letters protesting the political motives of continuing the war against Gaza, or claiming the latest attack on Gaza, which was systematically razed, risking the remaining Israeli captives held in Palestinian territory.
Since the war began in October 2023, the signatory states of Israel have done something rare in Israel, a public letter whose signatory states have done something rare in Israel: focusing on the suffering of Palestine.
Elsewhere, protests and movements of refusal to military service have spread - arising from the government's handling of war, a more general anger - war efforts against Israel pose risks, depending on the active participation of youth in the country.
War critics say their opponents, Benjamin Netanyahu, relied on the extreme rights to maintain his alliance, while the opposition was timid and unable to face the growing number of charges of international genocide.
It is important not to shift the growing domestic criticism with any massive sympathy for the Palestinian people about the Israeli government's handling of the war.
A recent poll reported that 82% of Israeli respondents still want to see Gaza clear its Palestinian population, and nearly 50% support what they call the "mass killing" of enemy cities occupied by Israeli forces.
On Monday, thousands of Israelis led by the country's far-right national security minister Itamar Ben-Gvir raided through the old town of occupied East Jerusalem, chanting "Arab deaths" and attacking anyone considered Palestinians or defending them.
The country's super-large finance minister, Bezalel Smotrich, also addressed the crowd on "Jerusalem Day" in March, has been working to annex the occupied West Bank and annex the Palestinians from Gaza.
Smotrich asked the crowd: "Are we afraid of victory?"; "Are we afraid of the word 'profession'?" The crowd described as "revellers" in the Israeli media section responded with a loud "no".
"There is a group of extreme rights accomplices who feel the defense," the former Israeli diplomat Alon Pinkas told Al Jazeera. "They think their message is that if you blink, you lose; if you stop, you lose; if you shake, you lose, you are eliminated."
Apart from the fierce attacks on Israeli attacks on Gaza, which has now killed more than 54,000 Palestinians, the voices of dissent have become louder. In April, more than 1,000 retired pilots sent an open letter protesting what they called a war, saying "political and personal interests" rather than security. There were further letters, and organized campaigns to encourage young Israelis to refuse to participate in military service.
Yair Golan, the leader of Israel’s left-wing Democratic Party, initially supported the war and was in a difficult position to allow humanitarian aid in conflict earlier this month, possibly initiating a huge broadside to the conflict earlier this month, claiming that Israel became “the risk of the Parias” that made “the Parias “the people who run for the election”.
Despite being popular with some, the former Army Major General's comments were surrounded by others. Golan was ridiculed by far-right audiences and called traitors by far-right audiences when he spoke with famous anti-war MP ofer of Cassif at a meeting in southern Israel, and then had to accompany him safely away from the place.
Cassif, who calls himself an anti-Zionist, has long attracted the anger of mainstream Israeli society because he condemned Israel's way of treating Palestinians.
Cassif told Al Jazeera that Cassif was alone in opposition to the war, and he was alone among Israeli lawmakers. “I couldn’t walk along my own street. I was attacked twice before October 7 and it has been worse since then.
"But it's not just me. All peace activists have the risk of human attacks or threats, and even the families of hostages are at risk of attacks by these paranoids," he said.
"Many people realize that this government, even the mainstream opposition, is not fighting for security reasons, or even for hostages, but rather carrying out the genocide mission advocated by Smotrich and other Messianic giants," Kasif said of the Finance Minister and his supporters.
"People like (Yair) Lapid and (Yoav) Gallant allow this," he said, citing famous politicians who opposed the prime minister, "he dared not criticize it (war) and Netanyahu, who manipulated it for their own purposes."
Cassif's comments agreed with one of the signers of the open letter criticizing the war by Ayelet Ben-Yishai, associate professor at the University of Haifa.
“The opposition has nothing,” she told Al Jazeera. "I know it's hard to argue about a complex future, but they say nothing. Everything they leave us is to manage war and occupy the choice between Smotrich and his followers. That's it. What kind of future is that?"
Many members of the government and opposition have previously held senior positions in the military, either engaged in combat operations against the Palestinians or maintained illegal occupation of Palestinian land.
Democratic Party chief Golan was even previously criticized by the military in 2007 for repeatedly using Palestinian civilians as human shields.
"What we are seeing now is the struggle between two Zionist elites," said Yehouda Shenhav-Shahrabani, a professor at Tel Aviv University.
He said of Israel's traditional military and management elites: "On the one hand, some people settled in the Ashkenaz Jews of Israel, imposed occupation and killed thousands of people." "Or (you) current religious Zionists such as Smotrich and Ben-Gvir, who (the old Ashkenaz Elite) now accuse them of fascists.
"You can't reduce it to the left and right. I don't do that," Shenhav-Shahrabani said. "It goes deeper. Both sides ignore the genocide in Gaza."
Although resistance to war is growing at home and abroad, so is the intensity of protest attacks.
Nearly 4,000 Palestinians have been killed, hundreds of children, since the ceasefire was unilaterally broken in March. Furthermore, the siege imposed on the expelled enclave on March 2 has pushed the remainder of its pre-war population toward famine, with international agencies including the United Nations warning.
As Israel's war on Gaza intensified, so did its operations in the West Bank. Under the guise of another military operation, Israeli troops occupied and upgraded much of the occupied territory, where it reportedly established its own military network, thus reporting 40,000 residents.
On Thursday, Israeli Defense Minister Katz, together with Smotrich, has significant control over the West Bank as finance minister, and announced the establishment of another 22 Israeli settlements, both of which violate international law.
Smotrich's announcement surprised few people. The far-right minister - who himself is a settler in Palestinian land - had previously known that he intended to see the West Bank annexation and even ordered preparations ahead of the inauguration of U.S. President Donald Trump, who hopes he can support the idea. He also said Gaza would be "completely destroyed" and its population was deported to a small piece of land along the Egyptian border.
For Shenhav-Shahrabani, this is hardly surprising.
"In 1994, I went to South Africa with a few others. I met the Supreme Court Justice, Jew, who was injured by Dutch bombs in South Africa (in the fight against apartheid)," Shenhav-Shahrabani said. "He told me that Palestinians would not change anything until the Israelites were ready to go to jail. We haven't."