The Jamu and Kashmir region are at the heart of the conflict, and control between the two neighbors has been controversial since independence from the British Empire in 1947.

This is knowledge about tensions.

1947 - Division and Independence of the British Empire

The conflict in Kashmir between India and Pakistan is as old as the country itself. When the two countries gained independence from Britain in 1947, the princely state had the option to join Pakistan or India.

The Grand Duke or Prince of Hindus in Kashmir is Hari Singh. Since Kashmir is mainly a Muslim population, but Singh is a Hindus, he is not sure whether to become India mainly Hindus or Pakistan, which is mainly Muslim India.

Pakistani tribal members invaded Kashmir in October 1947 in an attempt to control the country. Hari Singh seeks help from India and signs up for joining tools. This will temporarily bring Kashmir into India and then a public vote will be held, although there will be no such referendum in the end. However, India later interpreted the treaty as the final treaty and claimed that the territory was part of India.

This led to the beginning of the first Indian-Pakistan war, which eventually led to a 1949 UN-mediated ceasefire that established a border through Kashmir to split control between India and Pakistan through Kashmir.

In the Ministry of Justice, which was established as a temporary border, India has about two-thirds of control over Jamu and Kashmir, while Pakistan controls another one-third. However, both countries still claim the entire region.

1965 - Tension continues along temporary borders

Small conflicts and differences between the two countries continued after 1949 and began to escalate further in the 1960s. In August 1965, Pakistan launched an invasion called "Operation Gibraltar" in an attempt to inspire the rebellion in Kashmir. The operation failed, but cheered on the conflict in Kashmir.

Over the course of weeks, thousands of Pakistani and Indian soldiers were killed as the two countries finally reached a deadlock. The United Nations once again promoted a ceasefire without changing the control borders. Both sides claimed victory while maintaining their claims on the entire territory.

1971 - The Third War and Permanent Department

Until 1971, Pakistan also included East Bangladesh. It became East Pakistan in 1955 and in 1971 it fought for independence and became Bangladesh.

The conflict in Bangladesh has led to a refugee crisis in neighboring India, encouraging India to intervene in independence and triggering a third war with Pakistan. After a quick end to the war and Bangladesh sovereignty, India and Pakistan sought to further stabilize their relations.

In July 1972, the two sides signed a Simla agreement to consolidate the temporary border in Kashmir into a "control route." Although both countries still claim authority in Kashmir, the Line of Control formally defines the administrative boundaries between India and Pakistan and remains the same.

1987 - Controversial elections followed by violence

It is widely believed that the 1987 local elections in Kashmir managed in India were rigged to support Jamu and Farooq Abdullah, head of the Kashmir National Conference Party. This has led to widespread anger and resentment in the population, many of whom are disillusioned by the political and democratic processes.

In the next few years, radical uprisings in Kashmir will rise sharply, mainly from Pakistan’s battle for groups separated from India. Jamu and the Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) were formed and led the rebellion in the region in the early 1990s with Pakistan's support. Later it will be distanced from Pakistan, but will promote Kashmir's independence.

Other groups still maintain support from Pakistan, such as Lashkar-e-Taiba (Let). Throughout the 1990s, Kashmir became the most active and outstanding radical organization.

In 1999, Pakistani soldiers and Kashmir militants occupied a few points in the Indian-managed Himalaya area, resulting in retaliatory air strikes and killed more than 1,000 combatants within 10 weeks.

2000s - Violence continues beyond

After the conflict throughout the 1990s and the escalation between India and Pakistan at the end of the decade, Kashmir became one of the most military regions in the world. Militant groups and Indian troops have important presence in the region.

Many Kashmir militant groups, supported primarily by Pakistan and designated by the United States as foreign terrorist organizations, continue to attack the 2000s.

In 2001, Let and another group, Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM), coordinated the attack on the Indian Parliament in New Delhi, killing 14 people, including five militants. Let's also carry out a 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai, killing 166 people.

2019 - Further upgrades in Kashmir

In February 2019, a lonely Jem terrorist drove a car full of explosives into the Indian Central Reserve Police Station, killing 40 policemen, armed police are the target of the next major attack in Kashmir.

Later that year, the Indian government deprived Kashmir of its autonomy. Authorities cut off internet and telephone contacts from the area and sent thousands of soldiers to help quell any potential uprising.

The clamping will last for several months until the end of 2019 when a new radical organization is formed into the "Resistance Front" (TRF). The group carried out minor attacks and targeted killings on individuals.

2025 - Tourism terrorist attacks and missile exchanges

On April 22, the most important escalation in years, the conflict between India and Pakistan is worrying as the two exchange new missile fires.

The TRF carried out a terrorist attack in Pahalgam last month, a popular tourist destination that killed 26 people.

India then canceled a long-term joint water management treaty with Pakistan, which was also a de facto peace agreement, and Pakistan responded by suspending the SIMLA agreement.

On Tuesday, India attacked targets in Pakistan's Punjab province and its managed Kashmir area and killed at least 31 people, Pakistani officials said.