As life in Spain and Portugal returns to normal, the big problem is not only what went wrong, but how to prevent this comprehensive power failure from happening again.

Until Tuesday at 11:15 (09:15 GMT), nearly 23 hours after the system collapsed, Spain's power grid announced that it had returned to normal.

Although some lines are suspended and most houses have regained power, the train has begun to enter.

So how does it resume operation and why does it take so long?

Spain was in chaos for most of Monday.

The problem appears to be related to two separate connection issues in the southwest and then disconnected from the French network for nearly an hour.

Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez suddenly lost 15 GW of electricity on Monday, when about 60% of Spain's power generation suddenly disappeared.

Eduardo Prieto, director of operations at the network celebrity Eléctrica, said the system has been stable until power generation is lost in southwestern Spain.

The Canary Islands, Balearic Islands and Ceuta and Melilla on the coast of North Africa are not affected.

More and more public figures are accusing solar saturation and over-reliance on renewable energy.

A few minutes before the power outage, Spain operated at a solar photovoltaic rate of 60.64%, with winds of 12% and nuclear power of 11.6%.

The energy mix of diversified and advanced Spain is that the collapse of national power at 12:35 Monday requires a tremendous effort to restore Spain to normal.

The initial focus was to make the power generation areas in the north and south work again, said Red Eléctrica, a grid operator, which is the key to "gradually reinforcing the transmission grid as the power generation units are connected."

The risk is overloading the system by opening everything at the same time and triggering another massive outage.

Therefore, it is necessary to be carefully staged in stages so that what experts call "black start" is successful.

The initial focus was on hydropower plants at this time of year, especially reservoir-filled pumps that store plants and are able to generate electricity quickly from a stand-up.

The merged circulating gas plant also played a major role in resuming the grid, but four nuclear reactors from Almaraz, Ascó and Vandellós were automatically shut down and shut down, and the other three were already offline anyway.

Spain's neighbors France and Morocco were also helped.

Morocco said 900MW of power had been transferred through two high-voltage lines that crossed Tarifa in southern Spain from Fardioua.

French operator RTE said it "gradually transfers more power to the Spanish border" through its power lines in Catalonia in northeastern and northwest of Spain.

RTE said the Iberian network had been disconnected from 12:38 to 13:30 on Monday, when Catalonia's 400kV line was restored. Within minutes, France offered 700 MW, which RTE said later was able to add 2,000 MW.

Subsequently, power was finally restored to power substations in the northern, southern and western Spain.

By 19:20 Monday, grid operators said more than one-fifth of demand had recovered through Spain's own power generation and France.

Electricity provider Endesa said it had recovered nearly 3.5 million customers by 19:15 and prioritized hospitals and other strategic infrastructure.

Just over an hour later, the head of Red Eléctrica boss Eduardo Prieto said about 9,200 megawatts of demand — about 35.1% — has recovered.

By midnight to midnight on Monday, the number steadily rose to 61.35%, and by 07:00 on Tuesday, it was more than 99%.

Spain is only now calculating costs. The CEO's boss organization estimated that it would deal a 1.6 billion euro blow to the economy.

The political blame game has begun.

Isabel Díaz Ayuso, head of conservatism in the Madrid community, said the government's response was slow and ineffective, while her BJP leader Alberto Núñez Núñez Feijóo complained about the "tragic" image that Spain sent around the world.

Despite all the problems, the Spaniards were praised by the government for it rising and showing solidarity.

The hospital has a backup diesel-operated generator so they are able to maintain intensive care.

Spain's Guardia Civil Police Force said 13,000 passengers trapped in the train had been rescued.

Residents of the southern town of Villanueva de Córdoba came to the help of passengers stranded on the Ouigo train.

Local police in Barcelona returned to the old way, as the lights went out, please adjust traffic in Plaça España.

Passengers on the Barcelona Metropolitan must use the torch on their phones to move to safety when the train is stuck in the tunnel.

The conference center in Girona has been converted into a 180-bed shelter for railways to interfere with stranded people.

Despite the impact of flights across the country, airport operator Aena has been interrupting throughout with the help of generators.

The phone battery passed by, the TV blinked, and for many Spaniards, their only lifeline to the outside world was from cars or battery-type radio stations, which were soldiered through power outages.

In Madrid, blood donations have been urgently called for before the large public holiday weekend.

Pedro Sánchez is sure that lessons will be learned and that this crisis will not happen again.

But energy expert Carlos Cagigal told Spanish TV that this is possible because Spain's infrastructure simply cannot cope with all renewable energy.

Grid operators warned earlier this year that there is a risk of excessive renewable energy when shutting down nuclear power plants.

But the clip of its President Beatriz Corredor has been all the rage since 2021, and she insists that Spain has “one of the safest and most advanced electrical systems in the world, and there is no reason to worry.