Mathematicians use their math expert knowledge to solve problems and gain new insights into how our world works. They analyze the data and create mathematical models to predict the results based on changes in variables. Many different fields rely heavily on mathematics, such as engineering, finance, and science.

Using mathematics to solve real-world problems is called "applied mathematics". This is different from "abstract mathematics", which refers to the study of mathematical structure.

At NASA, Applied Math can make new discoveries in space science, astronomy and aeronautics. For example, a professional might use mathematical techniques to calculate the mass or thrust capability of a rocket. Others may work to analyze calorie and food consumption rates on the International Space Station. Mathematics is also the core of the roles in physics and astronomy.

• astronomer: Use advanced mathematics and physics, computer programming and more to understand the universe.

• Mathematical Modeler: Create models using math to explain or predict how the process behaves over time.

• Electrical Engineer: Rely on trigonometry, calculus and other mathematical skills to design, test and operate electrical systems.

• Data Analyst: Use skills such as algebra and statistics to find meaningful patterns in the data.

• Computer scientist: Write code that involves mathematics, programming, data processing, and the use of special software for complex operations.

If you have an affinity for math, high school is a good time to develop these skills. Taking challenging math courses will help build a solid foundation. Participating in extracurricular activities using math, such as robotics teams or engineering clubs, will also provide useful opportunities for applying and honing your skills.

Careers in applied mathematics vary widely. The type of math skills you need depends on the career you are interested in, such as an astronomer or engineer - and what math tools are needed in that job. Students can pursue a degree in applied mathematics or a selected field knowing that they need to take a math course. Current job openings, mentoring consultants and mentors can articulate the best academic paths. With this information, you can start planning the skills and education you need.

Most heavy math careers will require at least a four-year degree in the student’s primary school field and in several university-level math programs. Other careers may require a master's or doctoral degree.

Ready to start bent your math muscles? NASA STEM offers a variety of hands-on activities that you can use to practice applying mathematical principles to real-life situations in space exploration and aviation. These activities can be used at all ages and skill levels. NASA also hosts student challenges and competitions that provide a wealth of experience for those who want to improve their applied math skills and truly contribute to useful new technologies.

NASA also provides paid internships for U.S. citizens aged 16 and older. The interns work on practical projects under the guidance of NASA tutors. Internship sessions are held each year in the spring, summer and fall; visit NASA’s internship website to learn about important deadlines and current opportunities.

• Ask yourself if you like math and if you like solving problems and puzzles. A career in mathematics rarely involves “processing numbers” and instead considers ideas and theories (for theoretical mathematics) or how to manage data, graphics, machine learning, and related computer and data skills (for applied mathematics).
  - Hubble Space Telescope Jennifer Wiseman, Senior Astrophysicist
• Study specific areas of applied mathematics (data science, engineering, finance) and seek internships or shadow opportunities to experience these environments firsthand. Contact a math professional for information interviews and join a math community or organization related to your field of interest.
  - Justin Rice, Associate Project Manager, Earth Science Data and Information Systems, Data Systems
• Curiosity, willingness to learn, and good communication skills (writing, speaking, explanation) are important. Lastly because while numbers and data are cool, real magic is to explain them in ways that help people make business or policy decisions that improve people’s lives.
  - NASA high-end computing allocation expert Nancy Carney

• "Big Data" work is an area that can be very active in internships, as there is a lot of demand for people who can help handle the incredible data created in various fields. These include space science, but also everyday areas, as comprehensive companies build huge customer data sets and seek ways to analyze and interpret that information.
  - Kenneth Carpenter, Hubble Space Telescope Operations Project Scientist and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Ground Systems Scientist

Space Mathematics @ NASA

NASA's career